英语翻译New trends became evident in the last quarter of the 20th century as some architects started to turn away from modern Functionalism which they viewed as boring,and which some of the public considered unwelcoming and even unpleasant.These

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英语翻译New trends became evident in the last quarter of the 20th century as some architects started to turn away from modern Functionalism which they viewed as boring,and which some of the public considered unwelcoming and even unpleasant.These

英语翻译New trends became evident in the last quarter of the 20th century as some architects started to turn away from modern Functionalism which they viewed as boring,and which some of the public considered unwelcoming and even unpleasant.These
英语翻译
New trends became evident in the last quarter of the 20th century as some architects started to turn away from modern Functionalism which they viewed as boring,and which some of the public considered unwelcoming and even unpleasant.These architects turned towards the past,quoting past aspects of various buildings and melding them together (even sometimes in an inharmonious manner) to create a new means of designing buildings.A vivid example of this new approach was that Postmodernism saw the comeback of pillars and other elements of premodern designs,sometimes adapting classical Greek and Roman examples (but not simply recreating them,as was done in neoclassical architecture).In Modernism,the pillar (as a design feature) was either replaced by other technological means such as cantilevers,or masked completely by curtain wall fa?ades.The revival of the pillar was an aesthetic,rather than a technological,necessity.Modernist high-rise buildings had become in most instances monolithic,rejecting the concept of a stack of varied design elements for a single vocabulary from ground level to the top,in the most extreme cases even using a constant "footprint" (with no tapering or "wedding cake" design),with the building sometimes even suggesting the possibility of a single metallic extrusion directly from the ground,mostly by eliminating visual horizontal elements — this was seen most strictly in Minoru Yamasaki's World Trade Center buildings.
Ancient ruyi symbol adorning Taipei 101 (Taiwan)
Another return was that of the “wit,ornament and reference” seen in older buildings in terra cotta decorative fa?ades and bronze or stainless steel embellishments of the Beaux-Arts and Art Deco periods.In Postmodern structures this was often achieved by placing contradictory quotes of previous building styles alongside each other,and even incorporating furniture stylistic references at a huge scale.Contextualism,a trend in thinking in the later parts of 20th Century,influences the ideologies of the Postmodern movement in general.Contextualism was centered on the belief that all knowledge is “context-sensitive”.This idea was even taken further to say that knowledge cannot be understood without considering its context.This influenced Postmodern Architecture to be sensitive to context as discussed below.

英语翻译New trends became evident in the last quarter of the 20th century as some architects started to turn away from modern Functionalism which they viewed as boring,and which some of the public considered unwelcoming and even unpleasant.These
随着一些建筑师对他们认为枯燥乏味、并且被部分公众认为缺乏吸引力甚至是让人讨厌的现代功能主义建筑开始厌倦,新趋势在20世纪的末期开始变得明朗起来.这些建筑师开始倾向于回顾过去,引用过去的种种建筑观点并且将它们融合(甚至有的时候是以一种不和谐的方式)来创造设计建筑的新方法.关于这种新态度有一个生动的例子就是后现代主义见证了柱子和其他前现代化设计元素的回归,有时也会改造经典的希腊罗马先例(但不是像新古典主义建筑那样仅仅是简单地重造它们).在现代主义中,柱子(作为设计中的一个因素)既没有被其他的科技手段诸如悬臂梁而取代,也没有完完全全被玻璃幕墙的外观所掩盖.柱子的再次流行与其说是技术革新或者现实需要,不如说是一种审美标准.现代主义的高层建筑已经演变为多数相依物体的巨大整体,从头到脚地否决了一大堆设计元素概念,在最极端的情况下甚至沿用一成不变的“足迹”(没有锥形或者“婚礼蛋糕”式的设计),有时候甚至暗示着存在建筑可以直接从地面上金属一次性挤压成型的可能性,主要是通过减少视野中的横向元素——这在雅马萨奇的世贸中心建筑中有完全地体现.
古老的如意象征修饰 台北101大厦(台湾)
另一个回归就是“风趣,装饰以及关联性”在早先的美术和装饰艺术时期中赤陶色装饰外观和带有青铜或不锈钢装饰品的建筑物上的体现.在后现代架构中这些常常是通过在彼此周围放置早期建筑风格的对立元素来实现,并且甚至大规模地采用一些在风格上相关联的家具摆设.语境论,一种思考20世纪后半页的趋势,总体上影响了后现代运动的意识形态.语境论以所有知识信息都“相互关联”这一信念为中心.这个观点甚至被扩大化到说所有知识在不考虑背景以及来龙去脉的情况下都不可能被理解.这影响了后现代建筑使其如下文中讨论的那样对于背景关联敏感谨慎.

自己翻译的,希望可以帮助你理
在20世纪最后一个季度,由于有一些建筑师开始背离现代实用主义,他们认为现代实用主义看起来很无趣,一部分公众也认为现代实用主义是不受不欢迎的,甚至是令人讨厌的,这种新的趋势变得很明显。这些建筑师开始转向过去,引用过去的各种建筑物 的外形特征,并将其融合在一起(甚至有时融和地很不和谐),来创建一种新的建筑设计的手段。
这种新的方法的一个很生动的例子是,后现...

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自己翻译的,希望可以帮助你理
在20世纪最后一个季度,由于有一些建筑师开始背离现代实用主义,他们认为现代实用主义看起来很无趣,一部分公众也认为现代实用主义是不受不欢迎的,甚至是令人讨厌的,这种新的趋势变得很明显。这些建筑师开始转向过去,引用过去的各种建筑物 的外形特征,并将其融合在一起(甚至有时融和地很不和谐),来创建一种新的建筑设计的手段。
这种新的方法的一个很生动的例子是,后现代主义看到前现代主义设计的柱子栋梁和其他元素的回归后,有时配合古典希腊和罗马的实例(但不是简单地再现他们,因为这是所谓的新古典主义建筑在做)。
在现代主义思想中,作为设计特征的柱子栋梁,可以被任何其他现代科技手段取代,例如悬臂,或完全由玻璃幕墙来遮盖。这种柱子栋梁设计的复兴是一种审美需要,而不是技术上的需要。
现代派高层建筑摩天大厦已经成为现实生活的最庞大和坚定的实例,摒弃了大量的多种设计元素的概念,采用从地面到最高端单一设计的理念,最极端的案例是,使用常量“足迹”,(没有采用尖端细窄即锥形或 “结婚蛋糕”的设计),有时这种建筑物甚至使人联想到是单一金属物从地面向上直接喷出挤压而成的可能性,主要是通过消除水平的视觉元素--- 在Minoru Yamasaki(美国著名建筑师)的世界贸易中心大厦建筑中,这被视为有完全严格的体现。
古代如意标志装饰台北101(台湾)摩天大厦
另外一个回归是这个“机智,装饰和参考”,这可以在在艺术和艺术装饰风格时代的彩色空心砖或彩色琉璃瓦和青铜或不锈钢装饰这些旧的建筑物中看到的。
在后现代的建筑中,这些常常是通过在彼此周围放置早期建筑风格的对立元素来实现,甚至大规模地采用一些在风格上相关联的家具摆设。
前后关系,概括地说,在20世纪的最后几年的一个思想趋势,影响了后现代主义运动的意识形态。
文脉上的前后关系是以上下相关的所有知识为中心的信念。这种理念甚至进一步说,如果没有考虑它的背景(上下文前后关系),知识是不能被理解的。这影响了后现代建筑对下面将讨论的背景是非常敏感的。

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