What were the consequence of the Norman Conquest

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What were the consequence of the Norman Conquest
What were the consequence of the Norman Conquest

What were the consequence of the Norman Conquest
诺曼征服的后果是什么?
诺曼征服（英文：Norman conquest）指1066年法国诺曼底公爵威廉对英格兰的入侵和征服.这次征服改变了英格兰的走向,从此英格兰受到欧洲大陆的影响加深,而受到斯堪的纳维亚的影响逐渐衰退.诺曼征服整个改变了英格兰的文化,甚至是其语言.
起因
1066年,英格兰国王忏悔者爱德华逝世,由于膝下无子,引发王位继承问题.诺曼底公爵威廉与哈罗德皆声称有王位继承权.
入侵英格兰
1066年9月28日,诺曼底公爵威廉率领大军横渡英吉利海峡,于佩文西登陆.10月14日双方交战于黑斯廷斯（Hastings）西北方6哩的森勒克山丘(Senlac Hill).由于英国盎格鲁-撒克逊王室末代国王哈罗德二世仓促应战,阵亡沙场.因此,威廉长驱直入直达伦敦,在1066年的圣诞节于西敏寺加冕为王.
征服英格兰
意义
英国盎格鲁-撒克逊时代结束,诺曼底王朝建立.古英语的发展进入低谷.由于诺曼底人在建国之初,就对法国国王承诺臣服法国、说法语,因而诺曼征服后的政府用语为法语.
政治制度
保留盎格鲁-撒克逊人的习惯法,将原有的地方行政区划分为三十六个郡(shires).以诺曼人的政治机构王廷(curia regis),取代盎格鲁-撒克逊人原有的贤人会( witenagemot or witena gemot).王廷由主教、修道院院长、大地主组成,每年召开三次会议,但国王能随时召开.除此之外,国王另有由亲信组成的内圈组织,称为小会议(small council).王廷则扩大成为后来的国会,小会议演变为政府.
英法关系
英国再次融入欧洲大陆,在政治上依附法国,经济上虽然独立,但与低地国家（今荷兰、比利时）的贸易量逐年递增——这是后来英国复兴、觊觎法国领土,并引发英法百年战争的主要因素.
正因为政治上依附法国,英国才与法国一起参与了十字军东征.而兼任英国国王的诺曼底大公一直问鼎法国王位,这也成为英法百年战争的导火索之一.
英格兰文化的发展
英语中开始夹杂大量法语词汇,多为政治、法律、宗教、食品方面的词语.

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