什么是不及物动词和及物动词

什么是不及物动词和及物动词
什么是不及物动词和及物动词

什么是不及物动词和及物动词
及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语!
如果你想要分得仔细一点就看下面的讲解和例句!
(一、) 分清及物不及物:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题.动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：
a．主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须跟宾语.可以用于："主＋谓＋宾"；"主＋谓＋双宾"；"主＋谓＋宾＋宾补"结构.如：
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有：buy,catch,invent,found,like,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell.
b．主要用作不及物的动词.不及物动词后面不跟宾语.只能用与："主＋谓"结构.
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.
c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变.如begin 都是作"开始"讲.everybody ,our game begins.let us begin our game.类似的还有：start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.
d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同.
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义.如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散".we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物动词时是"升高；举起".
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有：beat vi.跳动 vt.敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt.种植
play vi.玩耍 vt.打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt.嗅
ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt.说（语言）
hang vi.悬挂 vt.绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt.操作
及物动词不需要介词
在英语错误中,"及物动词＋介词＋宾语"（transitive verb+preposition+object）,是常见的一种.所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词（predicative verb）,不必通过介词引荐宾语.相反的,不及物动词（intransitive verb）是不带宾语的.有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形：
①a.We study every day.
b.Do you study English every day.
②a.Please write clearly next time.
b.Can you write your composition now?
如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语；若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的；
*③a.The children are listening the music.
b.The children are listening to the music.
*④a.She is laughing the crippled man.
b.She is laughing at the crippled man.
反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥：
⑤ John is giving a book to me.
⑥ Who will answer this question?
如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如：
*⑦ Who will answer to this question?
下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错：
"We have many buyers awaiting for available units here."
"Awaiting"是个及物动词,后面的介词"for"是多余的,要去掉；不然把"awaiting"改为"waiting for"也行.
许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语.最常见的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about",如：
⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.
⑨ In our education system,we stress upon examination results.
⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
显然的,这三句里的介词"on/upon"和"about"是多余的,不必要的.
下面是些类似的错误：
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?
介词"to,on,from,for,with"都要去掉才对.
为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质.其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆.解决之道有二.第一,要把"及物动词＋宾语"和"不及物动词＋介词＋宾语"划分清楚,如：
I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.
He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.
第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如：
Don't approach such a person.
Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?