英语翻译Although phosphorus lies directly belownitrogen in Group5Aofthe periodic table,itschemical properties are significantlydifferent from those of nitrogen.The differences arisemainly from four factors:nitrogen‘s ability to form much strong

英语翻译Although phosphorus lies directly belownitrogen in Group5Aofthe periodic table,itschemical properties are significantlydifferent from those of nitrogen.The differences arisemainly from four factors:nitrogen‘s ability to form much strong
英语翻译
Although phosphorus lies directly below
nitrogen in Group5Aof
the periodic table,its
chemical properties are significantly
different from those of nitrogen.The differences arise
mainly from four factors:
nitrogen‘s ability to form much stronger
π bonds,the greater
electronegativity of nitrogen,the
larger size of the phosphorus atom,and the availability
of empty valence d orbitals on
phosphorus.
The chemical differences are apparent
in the elemental forms of nitrogen and
phosphorus.In contrast to the diatomic
form of elemental nitrogen,which is stabilized
by strong π bonds,there are several
solid forms of phosphorus,all containing aggregates
of atoms.White phosphorus,which
contains discrete tetrahedral P4 molecules [see
Fig.20.11(a)],is very reactive and
bursts into flames on contact with air (it is said to be
pyrophoric).To
prevent this,white phosphorus is commonly stored under water.White
phosphorus is quite toxic,and the P4
molecules are very damaging to tissue,particularly
the cartilage and bones of the nose and
jaw.The much less reactive forms known as black
phosphorus and red
phosphorus are network solids (see Section 10.5).Black phosphorus
has a regular crystalline structure
[Fig.20.11(b)],but red phosphorus is amorphous and
is thought to consist of chains of P4
units [Fig.20.11(c)].Red phosphorus can be obtained
The elemental
form of phosphorus was discovered by accident in 1669 by German alchemist
Henning Brand when he heated dried urine with sand (alchemists often investigated
the chemistry of body fluids in an attempt to better understand the “stuff of
life”).When Brand passed the resulting vapors through water,he was able to
isolate the form of elemental phosphorus known as white phosphorus (contains P4 molecules).The name phosphorus is derived from the Latin phos,meaning “light,” and phorus,meaning
‘bearing.”
It seems that when Brand stored the solid white phosphorus in a sealed bottle,
it glowed in the dark!This effect—a glow that persists even after the light
source has been removed—came to be called phosphorescence.Interestingly,the term phosphorescence is
derived from the name of an element that really does not phosphoresce.The glow
that Brand saw actually was the result of a reaction of oxygen from the air on
the surface of white phosphorus.If isolated completely from air,phosphorus
does not glow in the dark after being irradiated.

英语翻译Although phosphorus lies directly belownitrogen in Group5Aofthe periodic table,itschemical properties are significantlydifferent from those of nitrogen.The differences arisemainly from four factors:nitrogen‘s ability to form much strong
尽管在化学元素周期表中,磷在第五主族的氮元素的下面,它的化学性质与氮却显著不同.
这些差别主要有四个因素：氮有形成更强的π键的能力,氮的电负性更大,磷原子的半径更大,和磷具有的可用空价轨道.
氮和磷的化学差异显著的表现在它们的元素状态上.通过牢固的π键,氮元素能形成稳定的双原子分子,与之形成对比的是,磷有几种立方体的结构,都是原子封闭的聚集.
白磷,由离散不连续的P4分子构成,[见Fig.20.11(a)],很活泼,与空气接触会突然反应（据说是自燃现象）.
为了预防这个（自燃现象）,白磷一般被保存在水面下.白磷有剧毒,而且P4分子对组织特别是鼻和下巴的软骨有很大的破坏性.
（化学性质）不那么活泼的以黑磷和红磷被人所知,它们是网状固体(见 Section 10.5),黑磷具有规律的晶体结构[Fig.20.11(b)],但红磷是无定形,被认为是由链式的P4分子构成[Fig.20.11(c)].红磷可以被制得（好像这一句你的原文没结束吧?但是上面没打出来,所以看不到,我只能翻译你接下来的了）.
1969年,磷元素被德国的炼金术士Henning Brand 在他加热干了的尿和沙时偶然中发现（炼金师研究人体津液的化学过程,试图更好的了解“寿命的素材”）当他把加热得到的蒸汽物通过水时,他能够隔离得到磷元素的形态,也就是为人所知的白磷（由P4分子构成的）.磷这个名称来源于拉丁语phos（磷元素的前半部分phos）,意思是“光”,和phorus（后半部分）意思是“携带”（意为发光物,因为最初被发现的白磷被认为在暗处能发光）
似乎是当 Brand 将固体白磷存放在一个密封的瓶子时,它在暗处发光了!这种效果——甚至在光源已经被撤离的情况下依然存在发光现象——被称作磷光现象.
有趣地,磷光现象的术语来源于一种不会发出磷光的元素名称.Brand 看见的这种光实际上是空气中的氧气和白磷的表面发生反应的结果.如果完全被隔绝空气,磷在光照后不能在黑暗中发光的.
化学专业的英语教师是也,我自己一句句翻译的,好多啊,光打字就累啊.希望对你有用.
这样改改,会更直观,看的没那么累,教师职业病,